Merge branch 'background' into 'master'

Background

See merge request horlingsw/master-assignment-report!8

content/analysis.tex

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-%&tex
-\chapter{analysis}
-\label{analysis}

content/background.tex

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+%&tex
+\chapter{Background}
+\label{chap:background}
+The \ridm by \textcite{broenink_rapid_2019} only describes a partial design method.
+To create a complete design plan, a waterfall model is used as a basis for the design plan.
+The techniques of the \ridm are incorporated on top of the waterfall model.
+This chapter will analyse the basics of a waterfall model, and analyse what the \ridm provides.
+
+\section{Systems Engineering}
+\begin{marginfigure}
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics[width=2.9cm]{graphics/waterfall.pdf}
+    \caption{Minimalistic implementation of waterfall model.}
+    \label{fig:waterfall}
+\end{marginfigure}
+\textcite{blanchard_systems_2014} describe \ac{se} in their book as: "an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems."
+Their book extensively covers different design methods and design steps in detail.
+As these design methods are presented in complete detail, they are used as a basis for the design plan in this thesis.
+Multiple design methods are presented and one of the simplest design methods is the waterfall model.
+There are more elaborate methods available like the V-model or the spiral model, but are more interconnected due to build in feedback cycles.
+The waterfall model is usefull because it is a list of steps that are executed one by one as shown in \autoref{fig:waterfall}
+Because the steps are independent of each other, it is possible to insert or switch steps in the design method.
+
+\section{Rapid Iterative Design Method}
+The \ridm by \textcite{broenink_rapid_2019} describes a methodology using two core components for the implementation: the rapid development cycle and the variable detail approach.
+The design method also describes the preparation steps that are required prior to this implementation.
+In short, the preparation prepares a list of features.
+These features are implemented one by one with in the rapid development cycle using the variable detail approach.
+This section discusses each of these three parts and how they fit in the waterfall model.
+
+\subsection{Rapid Development} 
+The rapid development cycle consists of multiple iterations, where each iteration implements and tests one feature, that was defined during the preparation.
+Each iteration of the rapid development incorporates the following steps:
+\begin{enumerate}
+    \item Design new feature and the corresponding tests.
+    \item Implement and test that feature.
+\end{enumerate}
+The first step is to create an initial design and tests that are used to verify the requirements of the current feature.
+During the second step, the initial design will developed into a detailed design of the feature.
+This detailed design of the feature is develop with the variable detail approach, in which the level of detail is stepwise incremented.
+When the second step is completed, the implemented feature contains all the required details and passes all the tests as defined in the first step.
+From this point the rapid development cycle is repeated for the next feature, or, when no features are left, finish the development.
+
+\subsection{Variable Detail Approach}
+The variable detail approach starts with a low-detailed model and increases the detail discretely over multiple iterations.
+The low-detailed model is for example a single transfer function of the system.
+In the following iteration, the detail of the model is increased by adding, for example, non-linearity, non-continuity or parasitic elements.
+The tests, as specified in the first step of the rapid development cycle, are performed after each addition of detail.
+If the tests show that the added detail is not conform the specifications, the added detail is reviewed or redesigned.
+When the added detail passes the tests, the process is repeated to add more detail.
+The variable detail approach is finished when all the tests are passed and all the detail is added.
+
+\subsection{Preparation}
+Although the \ridm does not specify the complete steps for the preparation, it does state some requirements.
+The rapid development cycle requires a list of features that can be implemented one by one.
+These features are gained by splitting the system into individual subsystems, where each subsystem can be implemented and tested individually.
+About the order of implementation, the \ridm states that critical features should be implemented first, as these features have an increased chance of invalidating the complete design.
+Would such a feature fail, the investment loss is limited, because the development is still in an early stage.
+
+\subsection{Combination}
+\begin{marginfigure}
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics[width=6cm]{graphics/design_flow.pdf}
+    \caption{Combined design plan, based on the \ridm and the Waterfall model.}
+    \label{fig:design_flow}
+\end{marginfigure}
+As the \ridm integrates the implementation and testing steps together, it replaces these steps in the waterfall model.
+The first three steps as seen in \autoref{fig:waterfall} are unchanged and the last two steps are replaced by the \ac{ridm}.
+A combined design flow of the both design methods is shown in \autoref{fig:design_flow}.

graphics/design_flow.tex

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+\documentclass{standalone}
+\usepackage{tikz}
+\usetikzlibrary {arrows.meta,graphs,graphdrawing,positioning} \usegdlibrary {layered, trees}
+\tikzset{nodes={text height=.7em, text width=2.8cm, align=center,
+draw=black!50, thick, font=\footnotesize, fill=white},
+>={Stealth[round,sep]}, rounded corners, semithick}
+
+\begin{document}
+\begin{tikzpicture}[on grid,y=1.2cm,x=3.2cm]
+    \draw[fill=lightgray] (-1.7cm , 0.5cm) rectangle (5cm, -2.8cm);
+    \draw[fill=lightgray] (-1.7cm,-3cm) rectangle (5cm, -7.2cm);
+    \input{design_flow.tikz}
+    \draw (3.4cm,0cm) node[draw=none, fill=none,text width=2.9cm] (wf) {Systems Engineering:\\Waterfall};
+    \node (ridm)[right=1 of fs, fill=none, draw=none] {Rapid Iterative Design Method};
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{document}

graphics/design_flow.tikz

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+%&tex
+    \node (pd) {Problem Description};
+    \node (sp)[below=1 of pd]  {System\\Requirements};
+    \node (id)[below=1 of sp]  {Initial Design};
+    \node (fs)[below=1 of id]  {Feature Definition};
+    \node (ss)[below=1 of fs]  {Feature Selection};
+    \node (a1)[below=0.8 of ss,draw=none, fill=none] {};
+    \node (rd)[below=0.8 of a1]  {Rapid Development};
+    \node (va)[right=1 of a1]  {Variable Approach};
+    \path[->] (pd) edge (sp)
+              (sp) edge (id)
+              (id) edge (fs)
+              (fs) edge (ss)
+              (ss) edge (rd)
+              (rd.east) edge[bend right] (va)
+              (va) edge[bend right] (ss.east);

graphics/waterfall.tex

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+\documentclass{standalone}
+\usepackage{tikz}
+\usetikzlibrary {arrows.meta,graphs,graphdrawing} \usegdlibrary {layered}
+\tikzset{nodes={text height=.7em, text width=2.8cm, align=center,
+draw=black!50, thick, font=\footnotesize, fill=white},
+>={Stealth[round,sep]}, rounded corners, semithick}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{tikzpicture}
+    \graph [layered layout, level distance=1.2cm, sibling sep=.5em, sibling distance=1.5cm, sweep crossing minimization] {
+        pd [as=Problem Description] -> "Specifications" -> "Initial Design" -> "Implementation" -> "Testing";
+    };
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{document}
+

report.tex

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 \documentclass[english,titlepage,nomath,nopackage,oneside]{siltex-book}
 \include{include/preamble}
 
+\newcommand{\ridm}{\ac{ridm} }
+
 \title{Title}
 \subtitle{Thesis Report}
 \course{}
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@
 \input{summary}
 \tableofcontents
 \input{introduction}
-\input{analysis}
+\input{background}
 \input{case_method}
 \input{case_experiment}
 \input{case_evaluation}