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\chapter{Introduction} |
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\chapter{Introduction} |
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\label{introduction} |
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\label{introduction} |
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\section{Context of this Thesis} |
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\section{Context of this Thesis} |
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\ac{cps} integrate computation and physical components as an engineered system. |
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\ac{cps} are computer systems which control and monitor a physical system. |
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This physical system is often a system of mechanical components which are deeply intertwined with the software components. |
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Automobiles, robots, medical devices and even the smart grid are examples of \ac{cps}. |
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Automobiles, robots, medical devices and even the smart grid are examples of \ac{cps}. |
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The complexity of \ac{cps} has gone from an embedded system that improved the fuel consumption of a car engine to a fully self-driving vehicle. |
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The complexity of \ac{cps} has gone from an embedded system that improved the fuel consumption of a car engine to a fully self-driving vehicle. |
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Although the complexity opens up more design possibilities, improved efficiency and safety, it has downsides. |
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Although the complexity opens up more design possibilities, improved efficiency, and beter safety, it has downsides. |
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The problem with the increasing complexity is the resulting increased developing cost and the decreasing reliability. |
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The problem with the increasing complexity is the resulting increased developing cost and the decreasing reliability. |
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Within the research topics that focus on \ac{cps}, lies the development of new design methods that deal with this complexity problem. |
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Within the research topics that focus on \ac{cps}, lies the development of new design methods that deal with this complexity problem. |
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The \emph{design method} by \textcite{broenink_rapid_2019} is one of these new design methods and focusses on the rapid development of embedded control software. |
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The \emph{design method} by \textcite{broenink_rapid_2019} is one of these new design methods and focusses on the rapid development of embedded control software. |
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The rapid development is a design technique that splits the development into small individual steps, which can be implemented and tested separately. |
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The rapid development is a design technique that splits the development into small individual steps, which are implemented and tested separately. |
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Testing each individual step creates feedback on a short interval, with the goal to detect errors made during the development as early as possible. |
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Testing each individual step creates feedback on a short interval, with the goal to detect errors made during the development as early as possible. |
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As part of the research, Broenink and Broenink performed a small case study. |
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As part of the research, Broenink and Broenink performed a small case study. |
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In this case study, they have designed a controller, and implemented the controller in software for a physical off-the-shelf system. |
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In this case study, they have designed a controller, and implemented the controller in software for a physical off-the-shelf system. |
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\section{Approach} |
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\section{Approach} |
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Within this thesis, the design method by \textcite{broenink_rapid_2019} is evaluated in a case study. |
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Within this thesis, the design method by \textcite{broenink_rapid_2019} is evaluated in a case study. |
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The case study performs a development process according to the design method and will evaluate the result. |
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The case study performs a development process according to the design method and evaluates the result. |
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However, there are a couple of steps required prior to the start of the case study (see \autoref{fig:approach}). |
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However, there are a couple of steps required prior to the start of the case study (see \autoref{fig:approach}). |
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The first step is to produce a concrete \emph{design plan} based on the design method. |
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The first step is to produce a concrete \emph{design plan} based on the design method. |
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The concrete design plan improves the evaluation of the design techniques. |
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The concrete design plan improves the evaluation of the design techniques. |
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@@ -56,7 +57,8 @@ |
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Normally, the design process focusses on delivering the end product in the most effective manner. |
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Normally, the design process focusses on delivering the end product in the most effective manner. |
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However, the goal of this research is to use the design process to evaluate the design method, not to develop a product. |
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However, the goal of this research is to use the design process to evaluate the design method, not to develop a product. |
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A possible pitfall is that during the design process a simple solution is found, such that the design techniques to deal with the increased complexity are left untouched. |
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A possible pitfall is that during the design process a simple solution is found, such that the design techniques to deal with the increased complexity are left untouched. |
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Choosing to develop a very complex subject would ensure that all the design techniques are used, except that the limited time budget of a master's thesis does not allow that. |
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Choosing to develop a very complex subject ensures that the case study covers all the design techniques. |
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Unfortunately, the limited time budget of a master's thesis makes it impossible to perform a case study for a complex subject. |
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One of the requirements for the possible subjects is therefore a minimum level of complexity, forcing the developer to not go with the simplest solution. |
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One of the requirements for the possible subjects is therefore a minimum level of complexity, forcing the developer to not go with the simplest solution. |
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Some other requirements, based on practical decisions like budget, tools, and time were defined as well. |
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Some other requirements, based on practical decisions like budget, tools, and time were defined as well. |
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Based on these requirements, the subject of choice is "Writing a tweet on a whiteboard". |
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Based on these requirements, the subject of choice is "Writing a tweet on a whiteboard". |
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Design method is a commonly-used notion throughout the different papers and research used in this thesis. |
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Design method is a commonly-used notion throughout the different papers and research used in this thesis. |
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\textcite{broenink_rapid_2019} refer to their design method as 'the methodology', which is to generic for this thesis. |
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\textcite{broenink_rapid_2019} refer to their design method as 'the methodology', which is to generic for this thesis. |
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To ensure distinct terminology throughout this thesis, their methodology is named \acl{ridm} and is abbreviated as \acs{ridm}. |
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To ensure distinct terminology throughout this thesis, their methodology is named \acl{ridm} and is abbreviated as \acs{ridm}. |
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The more concrete version of the design method that is tested in the case study, will be referred to as the 'design plan'. |
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The more concrete version of the design method that is tested in the case study, is referred to as the 'design plan'. |
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The object or system that is going to be designed during the case study is referred as 'subject of design'. |
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The object or system that is going to be designed during the case study is referred as 'subject of design'. |
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\section{Structure} |
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\section{Structure} |
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